A look at 20 country-code TLDs, 80 million domains, and the infrastructure behind them
Data: IPinfo domain and ASN dataset, May 2026
When you visit a website ending in .in, you might assume it lives on a server in India. When a French business registers a .fr domain, you might expect their site to be hosted in France. In most cases, you would be wrong.
We analysed 80 million domains across 20 of the largest country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) to find out where those domains are actually hosted, who is running the infrastructure, and whether governments are keeping their own data at home.
Methodology
For each domain, we looked up the A record IP address and mapped it to an ASN (Autonomous System Number) using IPinfo’s network dataset. The ASN’s registered country is used as a proxy for the hosting country.
Important caveat: Anycast CDN providers like Cloudflare, Akamai, and Fastly register their ASNs in one country but serve traffic from data centres worldwide. For these providers, the “hosting country” from an ASN lookup is not meaningful. Throughout this report we separate these domains into their own “anycast CDN” category. The domestic/foreign percentages in the corrected analysis exclude anycast CDN domains so the numbers reflect actual origin infrastructure.
Cloud providers like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure are not anycast – they run in specific regional data centres – but their ASNs are registered in the US regardless of which region a customer is using. A .in site on AWS Mumbai will show as “US-hosted” in this analysis. This is a known limitation and likely means our foreign-hosting numbers for some countries are slightly overstated.
1. Scale and IPv6 Adoption
| TLD | Country | Domains | IPv6 Support |
|---|---|---|---|
| .de | Germany | 16.4M | 40.2% |
| .uk | United Kingdom | 8.8M | 22.4% |
| .it | Italy | 6.8M | 65.5% |
| .cn | China | 6.4M | 11.9% |
| .nl | Netherlands | 5.2M | 58.0% |
| .ru | Russia | 4.8M | 19.0% |
| .fr | France | 4.0M | 32.5% |
| .br | Brazil | 3.7M | 29.4% |
| .au | Australia | 3.5M | 11.4% |
| .ca | Canada | 3.1M | 10.6% |
| .in | India | 2.9M | 20.3% |
| .pl | Poland | 2.3M | 11.5% |
| .ch | Switzerland | 2.2M | 41.9% |
| .es | Spain | 1.8M | 29.6% |
| .us | United States | 1.6M | 11.2% |
| .jp | Japan | 1.5M | 6.4% |
| .cz | Czech Republic | 1.4M | 38.7% |
| .be | Belgium | 1.4M | 36.0% |
| .at | Austria | 1.3M | 22.3% |
| .se | Sweden | 1.2M | 34.5% |
Germany has the most .de domains by a wide margin at 16.4 million. Italy leads on IPv6 at 65.5%, followed by the Netherlands at 58%. Japan sits at the bottom with just 6.4% IPv6 support, and Canada, Australia, and the US are all below 12%.
2. Is the .in Domain Actually in India?
The short answer: mostly no. Here is the domestic hosting rate for each ccTLD, with anycast CDN traffic separated out.
| TLD | Anycast CDN % | Hosted at Home (origin only) | Hosted Abroad (origin only) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .de | 4.7% | 87.7% | 12.3% |
| .us | 14.1% | 84.6% | 15.4% |
| .ru | 7.0% | 83.7% | 16.3% |
| .jp | 3.7% | 79.7% | 20.3% |
| .pl | 9.6% | 73.7% | 26.3% |
| .it | 59.0% | 64.1% | 35.9% |
| .cz | 5.1% | 70.5% | 29.5% |
| .fr | 8.1% | 60.0% | 40.0% |
| .ch | 6.4% | 58.5% | 41.5% |
| .nl | 6.5% | 57.6% | 42.4% |
| .se | 9.3% | 48.1% | 51.9% |
| .au | 12.3% | 41.4% | 58.6% |
| .br | 16.0% | 32.4% | 67.6% |
| .es | 8.8% | 25.9% | 74.1% |
| .be | 6.6% | 22.5% | 77.5% |
| .at | 7.4% | 20.9% | 79.1% |
| .cn | 12.0% | 19.8% | 80.2% |
| .uk | 11.2% | 19.7% | 80.3% |
| .ca | 11.8% | 9.6% | 90.4% |
| .in | 10.6% | 6.0% | 94.0% |
Germany holds onto its web. 87.7% of .de origin traffic stays in German-registered networks, which reflects both a strong domestic hosting industry and a cultural preference for local data handling.
India is the striking outlier. Only 6% of .in origin infrastructure is on Indian networks. The US accounts for 65% of where .in domains are actually hosted, and Cyprus (mostly Cloudflare ranges) adds another 19%.
Italy looks misleading at first glance. The raw number shows only 26% domestic, but 59% of .it domains are on Akamai – whose ASN happens to be registered in Singapore. Once you strip out that anycast traffic, Italy’s origin-hosted domestically rate jumps to 64%. Italy is not the outsourcer it appears to be.
China also surprises. Despite the Great Firewall, only 17% of .cn domains are hosted in China by ASN. Hong Kong accounts for another 32%, and the US takes 46%. Much of this is likely commercial registrations using .cn branding while running on global infrastructure.
Austria is a fun one: more .at domains are hosted in Germany (53%) than in Austria itself (19%). Austrian businesses clearly treat German hosting providers as their default choice.
Where Does Each ccTLD’s Traffic Actually Go?
| TLD | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .de | DE 83.6% | US 10.9% | IL 0.9% | FR 0.8% | DK 0.6% |
| .uk | US 52.5% | DE 18.2% | GB 17.5% | IL 4.1% | CY 1.9% |
| .it | SG* 56.1% | IT 26.3% | US 8.7% | DE 3.4% | FR 2.2% |
| .cn | US 46.2% | HK 32.3% | CN 17.4% | SG 1.8% | LV 0.7% |
| .nl | NL 53.9% | US 19.0% | DE 12.4% | DK 6.9% | BE 2.3% |
| .ru | RU 77.9% | US 14.2% | FR 1.8% | DE 1.1% | GB 1.0% |
| .fr | FR 55.1% | US 18.2% | DE 14.1% | CY 4.0% | IL 2.2% |
| .br | US 48.5% | BR 27.2% | CY 15.0% | IL 5.3% | FR 1.6% |
| .au | US 53.3% | AU 36.3% | IL 4.1% | GB 1.5% | CY 1.5% |
| .ca | US 74.3% | CA 8.5% | FR 5.3% | IL 4.6% | DE 2.2% |
| .in | US 64.9% | CY 19.4% | IN 5.3% | DE 3.9% | GB 1.7% |
| .pl | PL 66.7% | US 13.8% | FR 10.7% | DE 4.2% | CY 1.0% |
| .ch | CH 54.7% | US 16.7% | DE 16.0% | IL 4.1% | FR 2.4% |
| .es | DE 31.0% | US 23.8% | ES 23.6% | FR 7.6% | CY 5.2% |
| .us | US 83.2% | DE 3.7% | SG 3.6% | VG 1.7% | FR 1.3% |
| .jp | JP 76.8% | US 19.8% | IL 1.3% | DE 0.8% | FR 0.2% |
| .be | US 22.7% | BE 21.1% | NL 16.4% | FR 16.1% | DK 7.6% |
| .cz | CZ 66.8% | US 14.6% | SK 8.4% | DE 5.1% | FR 1.0% |
| .at | DE 53.4% | AT 19.3% | US 16.2% | IL 2.4% | CH 2.0% |
| .se | SE 43.6% | DK 21.2% | US 21.0% | DE 4.3% | EU 1.6% |
*SG for .it = Akamai’s ASN, which is anycast. IL and CY entries are Cloudflare ranges.
3. Who Is Actually Running the Infrastructure?
| .de | .uk | .it | .cn | .nl | .ru | .fr | .br | .au | .ca | .in | .pl | .ch | .es | .us | .jp | .be | .cz | .at | .se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare | 4 | 10 | 3 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
| Amazon AWS | 3 | 27 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 26 | 40 | 39 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 54 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Akamai | 0 | 1 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| OVH | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hetzner | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 |
| Google Cloud | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Alibaba | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tencent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other/Local | 76 | 56 | 33 | 67 | 78 | 90 | 46 | 68 | 56 | 39 | 45 | 74 | 78 | 71 | 29 | 85 | 63 | 86 | 75 | 80 |
(All numbers are percentages, rounded)
A few things stand out here:
Italy runs on Akamai. 56% of .it domains sit on Akamai infrastructure. No other country has this kind of concentration with a single CDN provider. It likely traces back to Akamai’s long-standing relationships with Italian telecos and media companies.
France runs on OVH. 36% of .fr domains use OVH, the French cloud provider founded in Roubaix in 1999. This is the clearest example of a national cloud provider winning at home – OVH outcompetes AWS and Google on its own turf.
Germany runs on Hetzner. 13% of .de domains use Hetzner, the German hosting company based in Gunzenhausen. That is more than Cloudflare, AWS, and Google combined for German domains.
India and Canada run on AWS. 39% of .in and 40% of .ca domains are on Amazon. For India, combined with Cloudflare at 9%, more than half of the country’s ccTLD runs on two American companies.
Russia barely touches US clouds. AWS is at 0.4% and Google at 0.1% for .ru. Ninety percent of Russian domains are on “Other” – a mix of domestic providers like Selectel, REG.RU, and RUVDS that have grown substantially since Western providers reduced their Russian operations.
4. Do Governments Keep Their Data at Home?
We detected government domains using patterns like .gov.br, .gov.uk, .gov.au, .gov.cn, .gov.in, and similar. Note this method will miss country-specific patterns like .go.jp or .gouv.fr, so some TLDs show zero or near-zero counts.
| TLD | Gov Domains Found | Hosted Domestically |
|---|---|---|
| .br | 34,060 | 76.2% |
| .uk | 7,269 | 48.0% |
| .cn | 6,375 | 98.7% |
| .in | 3,614 | 86.6% |
| .au | 3,613 | 43.9% |
| .pl | 1,694 | 87.9% |
| .it | 239 | 63.2% |
| .cz | 28 | 78.6% |
| .ca | 11 | 63.6% |
China is nearly self-sufficient for government hosting. 98.7% of detected .gov.cn domains are hosted on Chinese-registered networks. The government has clearly made domestic infrastructure a priority.
Brazil has the most government domains by far at 34,060. That is roughly five times more than the UK and nearly three times China. 76% are domestically hosted, which is a reasonable result for a country of Brazil’s size and infrastructure development.
India’s government keeps its data home even if commercial .in domains do not. 86.6% of .gov.in domains are on Indian networks, a very different picture from the 6% domestic rate for commercial .in domains overall.
The UK is the most internationally dependent for government hosting. 52% of .gov.uk domains are hosted outside the UK, largely on AWS. This reflects the British government’s cloud-first strategy adopted over the past decade, leaning heavily on commercial cloud providers rather than building domestic infrastructure.
Australia sends 56% of its government domains abroad, also mostly to AWS.
5. Key Takeaways
The flag on the domain does not tell you where the server is. For most ccTLDs, the majority of web infrastructure sits outside the home country. This is true even for large economies with mature internet industries.
Germany and Russia self-host. Both countries have around 80%+ domestic origin hosting. For Germany this is driven by a strong commercial hosting industry and privacy culture. For Russia, Western provider withdrawals since 2022 have accelerated domestic infrastructure development.
India is the clearest example of infrastructure dependency. Only 6% of .in origin infrastructure is on Indian networks. Nearly two thirds of India’s ccTLD runs on US-based networks. This is not purely a developing-nation story – Canada is at 9.6% and the UK at 19.7%.
Local cloud providers can win when they invest. OVH in France at 36%, Hetzner in Germany at 13%, and Alibaba/Tencent in China together at 16% all show that domestic providers can capture meaningful market share when they compete seriously on price and reliability.
IPv6 adoption splits sharply across Europe. Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland are all above 40%. Japan, Canada, Australia, and the US are all below 12%. The gap within developed economies is larger than you might expect.
Governments behave differently from commercial sites. China, India, Poland, and Brazil all show strong domestic hosting preferences for government infrastructure, even when commercial domains in the same country outsource heavily.
About the Data
This analysis uses IPinfo’s domain hosting dataset (May 2026 snapshot) covering 356 million domains globally, combined with IPinfo’s ASN and geolocation data. The 20 TLDs selected are the largest ccTLDs by domain count. All figures are based on A record IP addresses mapped to ASN registration country. Anycast CDN traffic (Cloudflare, Akamai, Fastly) is flagged separately in the domestic/foreign analysis.